ENVIS Centre on Hygiene, Sanitation, Sewage Treatment Systems and Technology

Sewage generation and treatment

• During 2015,the estimated sewage generation in the country was 61754 MLD as against the developed sewage treatment capacity of 22963 MLD. Because of the hiatus in sewage treatment capacity, about 38791 MLD of untreated sewage (62% of the total sewage) is discharged directly into nearby water bodies
• The five states viz Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi & Gujarat account for approximately 50% of the total sewage generated in the country. Maharashtra alone accounts for 13% of the total sewage generation in the country.
• Maharashtra, Gujarat, Delhi , Uttar Pradesh & Gujarat account for 67% of the total sewage treatment capacity installed in the country.
• No sewage treatment plant has been established in seven states/UTs viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Daman Diu, Nagaland , Assam & Tripura
• The capacity of STPs installed in the two states viz. Himachal Pradesh & Sikkim is adequate to treat the total quality of sewage generated in these states.

Status of sewage generation and treatment

Statewise percentage generation of sewage

Source : CPCB BULLETIN VOL.-I, JULY 2016, Updated on December 6th, 2016

State/ UT-wise list of Common Effluent Treatment Plants

Source : CPCB 2016, Updated on December 8th, 2016

State/ UT-wise list of Sewage Treatment Plants

Source : CPCB 2016, Updated on December 8th, 2016

Status on Sewage Generation in Metropolitan Cities, Class-I Cities and Class-II Towns:

Discharge of untreated sewage in water courses both surface and ground waters is the most important water polluting source in India. Out of about 38000 million liter per day of sewage generated treatment capacity exists for only about 12000 million liter per day. Thus, there is a large gap between generation and treatment of wastewater in India. Even the treatment capacity existing is also not effectively utilized due to operation and maintenance problem. Operation and maintenance of existing plants and sewage pumping stations is not satisfactory, as nearly 39% plants are not conforming to the general standards prescribed under the Environmental (Protection) Rules for discharge into streams as per the CPCB’s survey report.. In a number of cities, the existing treatment capacity remains underutilized while a lot of sewage is discharged without treatment in the same city. Auxiliary power back-up facility is required at all the intermediate (IPS) & main pumping stations (MPS) of all the STPs.

Status of Municipal Wastewater Generation and treatment capacity of Metropolitan Cities:

• There are 35 metropolitan cities (more than 10 Lac Population), 15,644 Millions Liter Per Day (MLD) of sewage is generated from these metropolitan cities. The treatment capacity exists for 8040 MLD i.e. 51% is treatment capacity is created.

• Among the Metropolitan cities, Delhi has the maximum treatment capacity that is 2330 MLD (30% of the total treatment capacity of metropolitan cities)

• Next to Delhi, Mumbai has the capacity of 2130 MLD, which is 26% of total capacity in metropolitan cities.

• Delhi and Mumbai therefore in combination have 55% of treatment capacity of the metropolitan cities.

• Some cities such as Hyderabad, Vadodara, Chennai and Ludhiana and Ahemedabad treatment capacity meets the volume of generation.

• Cities like Delhi, Dhanbad have more than 50% capacity, rest of the cities have the capacity less than 50%.

STPS located in different state/UTS of India

Source : cpcb annual report 2014-15, Updated on 25th November, 2016

Percentage of Households with the drainage system and distributed of household by type of disposal of household waste water during 2012
 

Source : Swachhta Status Report 2016, updated on 25th November, 2016

STPS LOCATED IN DIFFERENT STATES/UTS OF INDIA

Source : Swachhta Status Report 2016, updated on 25th November, 2016

Status of Sewage Generation and Treatment Capacity of Urban Population of India

Source : Untreated Sewage Flow into Yamuna.Docx

Status of Sewage Generation and Treatment Capacity of Class-I Cities

Source: Pollution Assessment : River Ganga-Central Pollution Control Board, 2013

Sewage Generation of Class-II Towns

Source: Pollution Assessment : River Ganga-Central Pollution Control Board, 2013

Status of sewage generation and treatment capacity in metropolitan cities

Source: Status of sewage in India(CUPS/61/2005-06)- Central Pollution Control Board

State-wise sewage generation of Class-I Cities and Class-II Towns

Source: http://www.cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_153_Foreword.pdf

Water supply, wastewater generation, treatment in class I cities (MLD)

Source: http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/policy_paper_sm.pdf

Water supply, wastewater generation, treatment in class II cities (MLD)

Source: http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/policy_paper_sm.pdf